机械连接件中螺栓孔角裂纹应力强度因子数值计算(英文)

The three-dimensional finite element method is used to solve the problem of the quarter-elliptical comer crack of the bolt-hole in mechanical joints being subjected to remote tension. The square-root stress singularity around the corner crack front is simulated using the collapsed 20-node quarter point singular elements. The contact interaction between the bolt and the hole boundary is considered in the finite element analysis. The stress intensity factors （SIFs） along the crack front are evaluated by using the displacement correlation technique. The effects of the amount of clearance between the hole and the bolt on the SIFs are investigated. The numerical results indicate that the SIF for mode I decrease with the decreases in clearance, and in the cases of clearance being present, the corner crack is in a mix-mode, even if mode I loading is dominant.     

基于碳纳米管薄膜的复合材料在线损伤监测

考虑到纤维增强树脂基复合材料会在服役过程中因受冲击、压缩以及疲劳等因素的作用而发生损伤,基于碳纳米管薄膜优异的力电响应特性开发了一种具有在线损伤监测能力的自感知复合材料。碳纳米管可在薄膜中形成导电网络,复合材料损伤会破坏导电通路,使碳纳米管薄膜的电阻大幅度增加。通过测量自感知复合材料的边界电压并利用电阻层析成像法对碳纳米管薄膜内电导率的分布变化进行求解/成像,实现了复合材料的在线损伤监测。分别对贯穿孔损伤和I型层间断裂损伤模式进行了研究,结果表明所制备的自感知复合材料对这两种损伤模式均可实现损伤定位及图像化显示,对于贯穿孔型损伤模式可实现对面积占比0.038%的损伤进行在线监测,定位精度可达毫米级。     

碳纤维/ 环氧树脂层压板的孔隙问题

总结了国内外关于碳纤维/环氧树脂层压板孔隙的形成机理、检测方法、影响因素及孔隙对复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,孔隙对复合材料层合板的强度和疲劳寿命有不利影响,并且孔隙对水的渗透和环境因素非常敏感,孔隙的存在促进了水分的吸收,且吸湿可导致材料强度下降.提出湿热环境下孔隙对复合材料性能影响是未来研究方向之一.     

平板型MLHP温度波动研究

环路热管(Loop Heat Pipe,LHP)是一种靠蒸发器的毛细芯产生毛细力驱动回路运行,利用工质相变来传递热量的高效传热装置。研制了一套平板式蒸发器、风冷式冷凝器的小型环路热管(MLHP),MLHP的毛细芯为500目不锈钢丝网,工质为丙酮,蒸发器、冷凝器以及所有管路均由紫铜制成。主要研究了平板型MLHP在不同热负荷条件下的温度波动特性,并重点研究了倾角以及充灌量等对MLHP系统温度波动的影响,且给出相应的合理解释。实验结果表明,平板式MLHP在2~3W/cm2热流密度区间范围内容易发生温度波动。     

抑制复原图像振铃波纹的频域循环边界算法

提出了一种基于Wiener滤波的频域循环边界复原算法,并给出了有效的规整化表达式和信噪比估算方法.复原算法首先将原观测图像按反射对称的方式延拓,形成一个新的观测图像(称为延拓图像);然后,用Wiener滤波算法复原延拓图像,并取延拓图像的复原图像的主值序列作为原观测图像的复原图像.对延拓图像在频域进行复原处理时,需要使用FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)技术,将延拓图像进行周期延拓,因其结合边界在垂直方向上的梯度为零,且边界平滑满足微分条件,抑制了复原图像的振铃波纹.复原过程中,将噪声与原始图像的功率谱之比规整化为原观测图像信噪比的函数.实验结果表明,该算法对周边区域梯度变化较大的观测图像复原效果较好.      

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

Determination of Failure Thresholds in Hybrid Navigation

A systematic approach for the determination of failure thresholds for hybrid navigation systems is described. Cost functions which reflect the importance assigned to the consequences of false and missed alarms are minimized. The false alarm probability is obtained as a function of the threshold magnitude by observing the statistical behavior of the instrument outputs in the normal operating mode. The missed alarm probability is obtained by determining the sensitivity of navigation error performance to instrument error sources. Two cost functions are considered. To illustrate this method, failure detection and identification (FDI) thresholds are determined for the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test flight.     

The data compression problem for the “GAIA” astrometric satellite of ESA

Space-based astrometry has a great tradition at ESA. The first space-based astrometric satellite in history, “Hipparcos”, was launched by ESA in 1989 and, in spite of orbital problems, was able to accomplish almost all of its tasks until it was finally shut down in 1993. The results of the Hipparcos mission were published by ESA in 1997 in the form of six CD-ROMs: the Hipparcos Catalogue contains 118,218 entries with median astrometric precision of around 1 milliarcsec, and specific results for double and multiple systems. In practice, Hipparcos drew for the first time the three-dimensional “map” of the spherical region of the Galaxy surrounding the Sun and having a radius of roughly 1,000 light years.

Then, in 1995, ESA launched the study of a new astrometric satellite, named “GAIA” and about a hundred times more powerful than Hipparcos, i.e. with median astrometric precision of around 10 microarcsec. This new satellite is intended to measure the parallaxes of over 50 million stars in the Galaxy, at least for the brightest stars, and this would mean to “draw” the three-dimensional map of the whole Galaxy, reaching out even to the Magellanic Clouds, 180,000 light years away.

The team of European scientists and engineers now designing GAIA, however, is facing hard technological difficulties. One of these is the design and coding of radically new and ultra-powerful mathematical algorithms for the on-board compression of the 50-million-stars data that GAIA will send to Earth from its intended geostationary orbit. Preliminary estimates of the raw data rates from the GAIA focal plane, in fact, are of the order of a few Gigabits per second. To reduce the data stream to the envisaged telemetry link of 1 Megabit per second, on-board data compression with a 1 to 1,000 ratio is the target. Clearly, this is far beyond the capabilities of any lossless compression technique (enabling compression ratios of 1 to some tens), and so some “wise” lossy compression mathematical procedure must be adopted.

In this paper a GAIA-adapted lossy data compression technique is presented, based on the Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT). The essence of this method was already used by NASA for the Galileo mission when the large antenna got stuck and the mission was rescued by re-programming the on-board computer in terms of the KLT. That transform was officially named ICT — “Integer Cosine Transform” — by the NASA-JPL team led by Dr. Kahr-Ming Cheung. But the KLT here described for GAIA will of course differ from the JPL one in many regards, owing to the advances in computer technology.

Finally, estimates are also given about the possibility of using the KLT for onboard data compression in case GAIA is going to be put into orbit around the Lagrangian point L2 of the Earth-Sun system, and, above all, in case the number of stars to be observed is actually raised from 50 millions to one billion, as ESA currently appears to be likely to pursue.     

Gamma astrometric measurement experiment (GAME) – Science case

We report here on the science case of a concept for a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and using a baffled Fizeau interferometer to look as close as possible to its limb. This configuration, and the need for looking nearby the Sun, is required for the main scientific driver of the mission, namely the measure of the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formulation to the 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷ level at least. This would lead to an accurate test of the General Theory of Relativity against other alternative theories of gravity, and set stringent constraints on some of the most significant issues of Astrophysics like those involving exotic forms of dark matter and dark energy. Exploiting the possibilities offered by the observation strategy, it is also possible to target other interesting scientific goals. One is, again, in the realm of General Relativity and aims at measuring the light deflection nearby the Giant Planets to detect asymmetric effects induced by their quadrupoles, predicted by GR but never measured so far. Others can be found in the observation of selected extrasolar systems where, e.g., the astrometric and photometric capabilities of GAME will help to improve on the knowledge of the brown-dwarf regime and on the search for exo-planets with the transit method, respectively.     

一种正负刚度并联低频隔振器的刚度和动力学特性分析

随着航空航天领域机械结构的大型化、柔性化发展,减振隔振愈发重要。设计了一种具有非线性刚度和非线性阻尼的正负刚度并联的低频隔振器,其负刚度特性和正刚度特性分别由两组倾斜弹簧和一根竖直弹簧实现;研究了隔振器的高静刚度低动刚度特性和阻尼特性,并对其隔振带宽进行分析,比较了分别由两组斜弹簧和一组斜弹簧实现负刚度的两种隔振器的刚度特性;利用谐波平衡法求解隔振器动力学响应,推导了隔振器振幅放大系数和振动传递率的表达式;通过数值仿真对比验证了谐波平衡法求解的系统响应的正确性,详细研究了所设计的正负刚度并联隔振器的刚度,阻尼及激励幅值等因素对振幅放大系数和振动传递率的影响